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Screening Guidelines

Know when to screen, what to expect, and why early detection makes all the difference.

Why Screening Matters

Many serious conditions — including cancer, diabetes, and hypertension — develop silently, with few or no symptoms in their early stages. Screening allows us to detect these conditions before they become harder to treat. Click on any condition below to view the recommended screening guidelines.

Screening Programmes

Click on a condition to expand the screening guidelines.

Diabetes Screening

Who Should ScreenAdults aged 35 and over; adults of any age who are overweight/obese, have a family history of diabetes, high blood pressure, or a history of gestational diabetes.
FrequencyEvery 3 years if results are normal. Annually if pre-diabetic or at high risk.
Tests UsedFasting blood glucose, HbA1c (glycated haemoglobin), or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Why It MattersDiabetes is among the leading causes of blindness, kidney failure, heart disease, and amputation in Jamaica. Early detection and management can prevent or significantly delay these complications.
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Hypertension Screening

Who Should ScreenAll adults aged 18 and over. Higher priority for those with a family history of hypertension, obesity, high salt intake, or a sedentary lifestyle.
FrequencyEvery 2 years if blood pressure is normal (<120/80 mmHg). Annually if readings are elevated (120–129/<80 mmHg) or as directed by your physician.
Tests UsedBlood pressure measurement (sphygmomanometer). Multiple readings over time provide the most accurate assessment.
Why It MattersHypertension is called the "silent killer" because it rarely causes symptoms until serious damage has occurred. Uncontrolled high blood pressure increases risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney disease.
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Breast Cancer Screening

Who Should ScreenWomen aged 40–74 at average risk. Women with a family history, BRCA gene mutations, or prior breast biopsies should begin screening earlier — discuss with your physician.
FrequencyAnnual mammogram from age 40–74. Clinical breast exam annually from age 25. Monthly self-breast examinations are encouraged for all women from age 20.
Tests UsedMammography (X-ray of the breast), clinical breast examination, and breast ultrasound where indicated. MRI may be recommended for high-risk individuals.
Why It MattersBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women in Jamaica. When detected early (Stage I or II), survival rates exceed 90%. Early screening saves lives.
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Cervical Cancer Screening

Who Should ScreenAll women aged 21–65 who have ever been sexually active. HPV vaccination does not eliminate the need for regular screening.
FrequencyPap smear every 3 years (ages 21–65). Combined Pap smear and HPV co-test every 5 years (ages 30–65). Women over 65 with a consistent history of normal results may stop screening.
Tests UsedPap smear (Pap test) to detect abnormal cervical cells. HPV (Human Papillomavirus) testing. Colposcopy if abnormal results are detected.
Why It MattersCervical cancer is highly preventable. Regular screening detects pre-cancerous changes before they become cancer, allowing for early, effective treatment. Cervical cancer is almost entirely caused by HPV infection.
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Colorectal Cancer Screening

Who Should ScreenAdults aged 45–75 at average risk. Those with a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, or certain genetic syndromes should begin earlier.
FrequencyColonoscopy every 10 years (average risk, normal results). FIT (stool test) annually. Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years. Your physician will recommend the best approach based on your risk profile.
Tests UsedFIT (Fecal Immunochemical Test), colonoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, or CT colonography. Colonoscopy is the gold standard and allows simultaneous removal of polyps.
Why It MattersColorectal cancer is one of the most preventable and treatable cancers when caught early. Polyps can be detected and removed before they become cancerous. Survival rates for early-stage colorectal cancer exceed 90%.
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Prostate Cancer Screening

Who Should ScreenMen aged 50 and over at average risk. Men of African descent or with a family history of prostate cancer should discuss screening from age 40–45 with their physician.
FrequencyPSA testing every 1–2 years. Frequency adjusted based on baseline PSA levels and individual risk factors. Annual digital rectal exam (DRE) is also recommended.
Tests UsedPSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test. Digital Rectal Examination (DRE). If PSA is elevated, further investigation including prostate biopsy or MRI may be recommended.
Why It MattersProstate cancer is the leading cancer in men in Jamaica. Men of African and Caribbean descent are at particularly high risk. Early-stage prostate cancer is highly treatable, with five-year survival rates near 100% when detected early.
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The guidelines above are based on general recommendations from leading health organisations. Individual screening schedules may vary based on personal health history, family history, and physician recommendation. Always consult with your doctor to determine the right screening plan for you.

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